Mandatory referral to a 3rd doctor in case of conflicting medical assessments

Dear PAO, I have a question regarding a work-related injury sustained by my brother, who is a seafarer. He was repatriated to the Philippines on July 20, 2024, due to a hand injury. Upon his arrival, he immediately consulted their company-designated physician. After a month, the company-designated physician issued a fit-to-work certification to him. Unsatisfied […]

When proof of resistance is not required in rape

Dear PAO, In a rape case, does the victim, who is a minor, need to prove that she sustained external injury or suffered physical harm as a consequence of a crime perpetrated by the victim’s common-law stepfather? Luningning Dear Luningning, The moral ascendancy and influence of a common-law stepfather over his minor ward take the […]

Use of screenshots of Facebook messages as evidence

Dear PAO, I recently discovered that some of my co-workers have been making derogatory and inappropriate comments about me in their group chat. One of my friends, who was a member of the group chat, sent me screenshots of their conversations. When I confronted them and mentioned my intention to file a case against them, […]

When parental consent is required to obtain a marriage license

Dear PAO, I plan to marry my girlfriend, who is five years younger than me. She just turned 19 last month. We are also considering moving into a new house together, and I feel this is the perfect time to propose. I believe I’m ready to support our future family because I already have a […]